A purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. A syrian chemist and engineer named najm aldin hassan alrammah penned a book in the th century known as kitab alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. By this time, the discipline of furusiyya becomes increasingly detached from its origins in byzantine veterinary medicine and more focussed on military arts. One of the best sources on gunpowder weapons is the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, by najm aldin hasan alrammah d. An arab scientist from syria named hassan alrammah described how to do so, in his book from 1270 ad titled alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya i. Al rammahs book is the first to explain the purification procedure for. Book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of them for rockets.
The process of making gunpowder was widely known in the middle east by 1280, when hasan alrammah, a syrian, provided 107 recipes for gunpowder and described how to purify saltpeter in kitab alfurusiyyah w almanasib alharbiyya the book of. His detailed description of how mongol warriors accurately shot arrows from a galloping horse is worth the price of the book alone. Feb, 2008 the earliest torpedo was also first described in 1270 by hasan alrammah in the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which illustrated a torpedo running with a rocket system filled with explosive materials and having three firing points. Military innovations of the crusades period the sultan. The purpose of this book is twofold, first it is intended to clear away some of the misunderstandings of the military seat and to explain its evolution in the context of united states cavalry history, as it evolved through the end of the horse cavalry era at the close of world war ii. Written in about 1270, it details inherited knowledge of the forefathers, including 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 kinds of. This page enables people to know some geographical facts what remembering. Hill, islamic technology, cambridge university press and unesco, 1986. This design was also featured in hassan alrammah, kitab alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices 1280, edited by ahmad yusuf alhassan, university of aleppo publications, 1998.
The three basic categories of furusiyya are horsemanship including veterinary aspects of proper care for the horse, the proper riding techniques, archery, and charging with the lance. Book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, a. The history of saltpeter iii firearms history, technology. Sep, 2011 arab scientist hassan alrammah inventor of the torpedo was one of the first people in history to leave a clear record of how to isolate pure potassium nitrate in his epicallytitled th century text the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. This book included more than 100 recipes for gunpowder, including 22 that could be used as rocket fuel. War horse is a comprehensive look at this oldest and most important aspect of military history, the relationship between human and animal, a weapons system that. This same process became a standard one in arabic sources and we find it in various military treatises. The search for some comparable weapon drove scientists and inventors such as the. In this book, alrammah describes first the purification of barud crude saltpeter. Book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices volume 8 of ma. Furusiyya literature, the arabic literary tradition of veterinary medicine hippiatry and. May 30, 2015 alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, a.
Book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices najm aldin ayyub a. The first complete purification process for potassium nitrate is described in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, a. The book of horsemanship and ingenious war devices, c. Military innovations of the crusades period the sultan and. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Somewhere in the range of 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah composed alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 black powder formulas, 22 of them for rockets. Handheld cannons guns were shown in the famous th century book on warfare by hassan alrammah, kitab alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices 1280, edited by ahmad yusuf alhassan, university of aleppo publications, 1998. Hasan alrammah describes in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices 3 a complete process for the purification of potassium nitrate. We can find the first book dedicated for gunpowder and its uses in the works hasan alrammahs alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, written in the 1270s, which included the first gunpowder recipes to approach the ideal composition for explosive gunpowder used in modern times 75%. History of gunpowder medieval history islamic world. Between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of. Mar 08, 2016 an arab scientist from syria named hassan alrammah described how to do so, in his book from 1270 ad titled alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya i.
Muslim rocket technology muslim heritagemuslim heritage. Horsemanship and ingenious war devices zaky, 1967, pa8. Gunpowder composition for rockets and cannon in arabic military treatises in. One arab inventor, hasan al rammah, working in syria about a decade after the mongol destruction of baghdad, wrote a treatise on gunpowder and rockets called the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. It gives instructions for making gunpowder through a chemical process without using manure. This was the first clear method for the purification of saltpeter. In this book, alrammah describes first the purification of barud crude saltpeter mineral by boiling it with.
History of gunpowder project gutenberg selfpublishing. A mamluk engineer with midfa in armies and enemies of the crusades 10961291 by ian heath, based on this illustration. In europe, konrad kyeser described rockets in his military treatise bellifortis around 1405. In this book alrammah describes first the purification of barud crude saltpetre. Incendiary weapons in kitab almakhzun li arbab alfunun by altarabulusi, a manual of military practice and horsemanship, 15781579 other egyptian sources. Aifurusiyya wa aimanasib aiharbiyya book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices zaky, 1967. Part 0021 2010 minimalism cruisinwithkenny mountain biking. There is also a second, underlying purpose to this book. Arab scientist hassan alrammah inventor of the torpedo was one of the first people in history to leave a clear record of how to isolate pure potassium nitrate in his epicallytitled th century text the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Oct 11, 2010 between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of which are for rockets. The earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices by.
Between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of them for rockets. Rammah and understand his methodology in developing the military sciences and. Hasan alrammah describes in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices a complete process for the purification of potassium nitrate. The book of military horsemanship and ingenious war. The earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate is described in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, where he first described the use of potassium carbonate in the form of wood ashes. The contribution of hassan alrammah to gunpowder and rocket. Oct 18, 2015 it was invented by arab inventor named hassan al rammah between 1270 and 1280, who worked in syria after the mongol destruction of baghdad. He wrote a treatise on gunpowder and rockets called the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. The details in his book seem to indicate that the method is of chinese or indian origin. Sometime between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. The earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, where he first described the use of potassium carbonate in the form of wood ashes. War horse by ltc lou dimarco is a superb history of the horse in military operations since ancient times.
In this book, alrammah describes first the purification of barud crude saltpetre mineral by. Nitrate in his book about military horsemanship and ingenious was devices 17. The earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Alchemy and chemistry in medieval islam islam wiki fandom. The book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. The earliest torpedo was also first described in 1270 by hasan alrammah in the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which illustrated a torpedo running with a rocket system filled with explosive materials and having three firing points. The earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, where he first described the use of potassium carbonate in the form of wood. Alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, a. Ilmi alarabi, 1998 cavalry drill and tactics 218 pages.
Incendiary weapons in kitab almakhzun li arbab alfunun by altarabulusi, a manual of military practice and horsemanship, 15781579. Aifurusiyya wa aimanasib aiharbiyya book ofmilitary horsemanship and ingenious war devices zaky, 1967, pa8. Part 0021 2010 minimalism cruisinwithkenny mountain. This book included more than 100 recipes for gunpowder, as 22 of them. Buy the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Mar 26, 2020 a syrian chemist and engineer named najm aldin hassan alrammah penned a book in the th century known as kitab alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Aifurusiyya wa aimanasib aiharbiyya book of military. If one takes the median of 17 of these 22 compositions for rockets 75% nitrates, 9. In the thirteenth century the military engineer hasan alrammah d 1295 ad described in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices the first process for the purification of potassium nitrate. Read more history of science and technology in islam.
It was invented by arab inventor named hassan al rammah between 1270 and 1280, who worked in syria after the mongol destruction of baghdad. Hasan alrammah describes in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war. The brits should have read the book written in 1270 entitled the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices. Dai rammah excelled in the military field, he wrote 107 recipes ofgunpowder that had been used for rocket, canons and fireworks hassan, 2003,p. It could be used to attack ships below the water line. Apr 15, 2011 the earliest known complete purification process for potassium nitrate was outlined in 1270 by the arab chemist and engineer hasan alrammah of syria in his book alfurusiyya wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, where he first described the use of potassium carbonate in the form of wood ashes.
The future of libraries, paris syndrome, and more photojournalism, and which type of equipment i use. A picture of a 15thcentury andalusian arab cannon from the book alizz wal rifaa hasan alrammah included 107 gunpowder recipes in his alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, 22 of which are for rockets. Manasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices 1. To give credit where it is due, you brits did win the battle of brooklyn in 1776 using your pigeon poop guns. Medieval and early modern rockets were used militarily as incendiary weapons in sieges. Flight and engineering origin communications group. Between 1270 and 1280, hasan alrammah wrote alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, which included 107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of which are for rockets. Explosive gunpowder and the first cannon weapons and warfare. Hasan alrammah included 107 gunpowder recipes in his alfurusiyyah wa almanasib alharbiyya the book of military horsemanship and ingenious war devices, 22 of which are for rockets. In this book, alrammah describes first the purification of barud crude saltpetre mineral by boiling it with minimal water and using only the hot solution, then the use of potassium. In the book, he describes a torpedo powered by a builtin rocket that could be launched against enemy ships.